This week, our In Focus section highlights President Trump鈥檚 Make America Healthy Again (MAHA) , which is designed to address the challenges driving chronic diseases in the United States. Our article delves into the key components of the order, presents a data snapshot about the state of children鈥檚 health, and discusses implications for stakeholders seeking to prepare for and inform the transitions impacting the future of children鈥檚 health.
Presidents can use executive orders to communicate their priorities and set a framework and timelines for federal agency actions. Historically, these orders have provided strong signals for the initiatives and policy direction that federal departments and agencies will pursue. 红领巾瓜报 (红领巾瓜报), experts are monitoring the MAHA directive and several other executive orders, alongside other Trump Administration actions.
Executive Order: Making Children Healthy
On February 13, 2025, President Trump signed an executive order establishing the Make America Healthy Again Commission, chaired by US Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) Secretary Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. The commission, which builds on the Secretary鈥檚 prior work, is charged with combating 鈥渃ritical health challenges facing citizens, including the rising rates of mental health disorders, obesity, diabetes, and other chronic diseases.鈥
Initially, the commission will focus on studying and addressing childhood chronic diseases. The order directs the commission to release within 30 days an assessment that summarizes what is known about the childhood chronic disease crisis, identifies gaps in knowledge, and includes international comparisons. This report will serve as the foundation for developing a strategy to improve the health of children, which is due within 180 days of the order.
Data Snapshot: Childhood Chronic Conditions
Evaluating existing data and identifying gaps in data for children are critical initial steps toward developing a comprehensive and evidence-driven federal policy agenda. At present, 90 percent of the $4.5 trillion in annual US healthcare expenditures are used to provide services to people with chronic and mental health conditions. Many of the risk factors for developing these conditions begin in childhood and some are preventable. For example:
- 鈥痑蹿蹿别肠迟蝉听, putting them at risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers. More than one in three young adults ages 17鈭24 are too heavy to join the US military.鈥疶he youth obesity rate from 2017鈭2020 was聽, a 42 percent increase from the rate in 1999鈭2000.聽Lifestyle choices, combined with social and environmental factors like access to healthy foods and neighborhood walkability and safety can significantly reduce the risk of developing obesity.聽
- In 2022, diabetes and the complications associated with it accounted for $413 billion in total medical costs and lost wages in the United States. While few children have type 2 diabetes, nearly one in five adolescents (12鈭18 years old) have prediabetes and may develop diabetes in adulthood. Like obesity, both personal choices and adverse social and environmental factors can increase the lifetime risk of developing diabetes.聽
- 础辫辫谤辞虫颈尘补迟别濒测听聽in the United States have asthma, which is incurable but can be managed. Asthma is one of the main causes for missed school days among children. Many US schools have poor indoor air quality, which can expose children to allergens, irritants, and triggers such as mold, dust, and pests. Conditions in children鈥檚 homes also can exacerbate asthma.
How Federal Programs Impact Children鈥檚 Health
Numerous federal programs directly and indirectly affect children鈥檚 health. Examples include:
- Nationally, more than 38 percent of children have Medicaid coverage, with rates exceeding 50 percent in some states and territories (e.g., Louisiana, New Mexico, Puerto Rico). Medicaid鈥檚 requirement to cover Early Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment (EPSDT) has long been the vehicle for addressing the chronic healthcare needs of children on Medicaid. For example, for children with asthma, in addition to covering medications to prevent and treat exacerbations, some states will reimburse providers for conducting home health assessments to identify and remediate triggers in the home. In addition, federal funding through both Medicaid and US Department of Education supports school nurses and school-based health centers, which can be critical resources in addressing the chronic healthcare needs of students, such as the administration of Insulin or providing inhalers to children experiencing asthma.聽
- To receive funding through the National School Lunch and School Breakfast programs, schools must provide meals aligned with the 鈥溾 established by US Department of Agriculture, which specifies the amount of food among various groups and an age-based maximum for calories, saturated fat, and sodium. Under current guidelines, by 2027, school meals also will be expected to comply with limits on added sugars.聽
- Participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), which provides participants with certain foods to meet their nutritional needs, have a聽聽for preterm birth, low birthweight infants, and infant mortality.聽
Federal programs affect children鈥檚 home and school environment in other ways, and the health implications of those funding choices may not be explicitly recognized or prioritized. For example:
- Housing assistance programs in some cases prevent families from experiencing homelessness but may place them in living situations where exposure to environmental hazards such as mold, pests, or pollution and neighborhood factors like crime and lack of walkability may adversely affect their health.聽
- Some federal agriculture programs are specifically designed to make nutritious foods available (e.g., Gus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Program, or聽), while others聽聽without specifically bringing a health lens to those programs.
Implications for Stakeholders
The President has directed that the strategy address 鈥渁ppropriately restructuring the Federal Government鈥檚 response to the childhood chronic disease crisis, including by ending Federal practices that exacerbate the health crisis or unsuccessfully attempt to address it, and by adding powerful new solutions that will end childhood chronic disease.鈥 Though we do not know what the Make our Children Healthy Again Assessment and Strategy will recommend, we anticipate it will present both opportunities and risks for organizations focused on children鈥檚 health. As the commission begins its work, organizations can take the following actions:
- Consider policy opportunities: Review your organization鈥檚 strategic plan as well as your operational and policy priorities and consider how they may fit into this framework. This could be the time to suggest changes to federal grants you receive or federal regulations or requirements that negatively affect your ability to keep children healthy.聽
- Prepare for potential funding disruptions: It is possible that programs you rely on will have changes in scope or funding levels. Review your offerings for children with chronic conditions and identify substitutes or complements to your main priorities. Consider partners you might work with to keep work going that may not have the same level of federal support in the future.聽
- Be prepared to share the real-world impacts of policy changes: Begin gathering data, stories, and compelling information to share about chronic conditions affecting children that can be used in future public comment opportunities, shared with the media, and discussed with your federal, state, and local representatives. Think about how to talk about these issues in a clear and compelling way that will resonate with each of those audiences.聽
- Find partners and allies: As you consider the policy opportunities and risks, think about other organizations that share your interests and how you can work with them in complementary ways. It can be compelling to policymakers when stakeholders who might not naturally be aligned on other issues can unite around a specific policy area.聽
Connect with Us
Healthcare stakeholders with a commitment to healthy children and healthy adults have an opportunity to support the specific policies and funding opportunities that may emerge from the MAHA order. To learn more about these policy changes, the impact on your organization,鈥痑nd actions your organization can take, contact our one of our featured experts below.聽



























